Черное море: уникальная экосистема и экологические вызовы

Черное море — основная тема материала.

Introduction

Hypothesis: Black Sea — a unique place of Russia.

Object of study: The Black Sea

The Black sea is situated inside the Atlantic Ocean. The Black sea includes water line between the Europe and the Asia. The Black sea is situated inside the Atlantic Ocean. The Black sea includes water line between the Europe and the Asia.

Middle temperature of water in winter on the north places is -20С and colder, and on the south is 00С and warmer. In July, water can heat to +230С.

A lot of rivers flow into the Black sea. The most full-flowing rivers are Dunay, Dnepr, Dnestr etc… The Sea level changes over a period of the year.

Elevation is happened in May and July, and falling is watched in October and November.

The purpose of the project

• To form knowledge about the Black Sea.
• To explore the flora and fauna of the Black Sea.
• To learn some information about trading.
• To study information about environmental problems and ways to solve them.

Table of contents

• Animals of the sea
• Plants of the Black Sea
• Ecological problems of Black Sea
• Trade routes passing through the Black Sea
• Conservation of marine ecosystems
• The uniqueness of the Black Sea. Conclusions

Animals of the Black Sea

Living in the sea has many kinds of animals.

This sea has plenty of fish, such as flounder, seahorse, herring.

There are some interesting animals like crabs and starfish.

A lot of dolphins live in the sea and some types of dangerous sharks.

As for me the most interesting animal of Black Sea is octopus.

Plants of the Black Sea and it’s coast.

The flora of the Black Sea is very diverse. This diversity also extends on it’s coast.

There are more than 270 species of seaweed in the Black Sea. One of the type is Stray Cladophora. It got it’s name because it constantly moves though the water. The colour of this seaweed is green.

Another type of seaweed is called Kallitamnion. This seaweed grows on stones and rocks. It is often located near the shores. The colour of this seaweed is red.

Noctiluca is a type of seaweed that shining in the dark. Because of that it is clearly visible at night.

The Crimean chebret is a plant of Crimean peninsula. Height of plant is 35 cm. The colour of petals is purple.

Pistachio Tupolistnayais is one of the eldest plants. Height of plant is 8 metres. The fruits are not edible.

The seaside katran grows on the Black Sea coast. It’s height is 50-60 cm. The colour of petals is white.

Vida also grows on the Black Sea coast. Vida’s height is 60-120 cm.The colour of petals is yellow.

The shaggy pear is the last plant in my list. It’s hight is 10-15 metres. The fruits are edible.

The trade.

The Black Sea is the huge body of water and a great trade route for ships all over the world. As many 6 countries have access to the Black Sea, but it is Russia that has the best developed commercial and maritime industry in the Black Sea. The Black Sea is unique in that almost every port of the city has a different coast relief and therefore all ships have to adapt to certain relief.But the Kerch-Yenikalsky Canal, which was dug along the Kerch strait, is used for navigation between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Since 2014, vessels with a length of no more 252 meters and a draft of no more than 8 meters are now allowed to sail.

The water pollution

One of the urgent problems of the Black Sea is the blooming of water, an overabundance of algae. Plants use moist of oxygen that is soluble in water. Animals and fish do not have enough of it, therefore they die.

Another problem is the oil pollution. This water area ranks first in terms of the degree of oil pollution.

Solid waste acumination happens as a result of the terrible attitude to nature of locals and tourists of the coast. Plastic bottles, glass and other waste float in the upper layers of seawater.

Deforestation on the Black Sea coast leads to a change in the flora and fauna of the area. Birds that lived in the forests fly to other lands. This reduces the number of marine fish and shellfish.

5 ways you can save the oceans and seas.

1. Stop using disposable plastic.
2. Stop drinking bottle water.
3. Collect garbage when you are on the beach.
4. Reduce your seafood intake.
5. Protect ocean water from poaching.

Code of ecological rules.

• Do not leave litter.
• Keep the country tidy.
• Respect the life and work of the country side.
• Grown trees and flowers.
• Do not cut wild flowers.
• Put litter away.
• Do not frighten birds and animals.
• Do not burn fires.

Эксперт

Анна

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Елена

Исследования ученых о взаимосвязи ума и красоты говорят о том, что умные люди – красивые!

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Владимир

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Алексей

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